Ficus altissima – Majestic Evergreen Fig


Ficus altissima Blume is a large, evergreen fig tree native to southeastern Asia. It often begins life as an epiphyte, growing on other trees—especially palms—before sending down aerial roots that eventually reach the ground. Over time, these roots can encircle and replace the host tree, a characteristic shared with other figs. In some cases, it also grows as a lithophyte, establishing itself on rock walls, buildings, and even bridges. Due to its extensive root system and immense size, it is unsuitable as a street or landscape tree, but when cultivated in a pot, it makes an attractive houseplant.


Foliage and Growth Habit of Ficus altissima



 
Leaf Shape: Elliptic to ovate, smooth, and glossy.
 
Color and Texture: Dark green with a leathery texture; some cultivars exhibit variegation.
 
Growth Habit: In nature, grows into a massive tree, but remains compact when grown indoors.


What You Need to Know About Ficus altissima



 
Size: Can grow up to 30 meters in the wild; remains smaller in containers.
 
Natural Habitat: Native to tropical forests of southeastern Asia, often growing as an epiphyte or lithophyte.
 
Toxicity: Contains a milky sap that may cause irritation and is considered toxic to pets.
 
Lifecycle: Long-lived, evergreen perennial tree.


Care Guide for Ficus altissima



 
Light: Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates some direct sun.
 
Watering: Water when the top layer of soil dries out; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
 
Humidity: Prefers moderate to high humidity but adapts well to indoor conditions.
 
Temperature: Thrives in warm environments between 18–30°C; protect from cold drafts.
 
Soil: Requires well-draining, nutrient-rich soil.
 
Repotting: Repot every 2–3 years or when root-bound.
 
Fertilizing: Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during the growing season.
 
Propagation: Easily propagated through stem cuttings in water or soil.


Common Issues and Solutions for Ficus altissima



 
Leaf Drop: Can result from sudden temperature changes, low humidity, or overwatering.
 
Yellowing Leaves: Often caused by excessive moisture or poor drainage.
 
Pests: Susceptible to spider mites, scale, and mealybugs; regularly clean leaves and use neem oil if needed.


Additional Notes on Ficus altissima


Although massive in its natural habitat, Ficus altissima adapts well to container growth indoors. Regular pruning helps maintain its shape, and stable environmental conditions prevent stress-related leaf drop.


Etymology of Ficus altissima


The genus name Ficus comes from Latin, meaning "fig tree," and was officially classified by Linnaeus in 1753. The species name "altissima" refers to its tall growth habit.