Alocasia plants, also known as Elephant Ears, are among the most striking and exotic houseplants available. With their large, arrow-shaped leaves and stunning variety of colours and textures, they add a tropical flair to any indoor space. However, caring for Alocasia can be a bit tricky due to some of their specific needs. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything you need to know to keep your Alocasia healthy and thriving as a houseplant.
UNDERSTANDING ALOCASIA PLANTS
1. Origin and Varieties
Alocasia plants, native to the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia and Eastern Australia, have ancient origins dating back thousands of years. These striking plants thrive in humid environments, where their large, dramatic leaves evolved to capture sunlight beneath dense canopies. Alocasia species have long been culturally significant in Asia, symbolizing protection and good luck, with some varieties even cultivated as food sources in traditional practices. There are over 80 species, each with unique characteristics. Some of the most popular varieties grown as houseplants, include:
Alocasia micholitziana ‘Green velvet’ aka ‘Maxkowskii': Known for its velvety, deep green leaves with striking white veins.
Alocasia 'Polly': a smaller mutation of Alocasia ‘Amazonica’ (A. sanderiana x A. longiloba ‘Watsoniana’),
Alocasia zebrina: Recognizable and loved for its zebra-like striped stems and large arrow-sahaped foliage)
Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale': a very popular cultivar with thick foliage , adorned with contrasting venation
Already these four plants show the great variety that exists within this genus. Alocasia species and cultivars vary significantly in foliage texture and colouration, and sizes: from small tabletop plants to larger specimens that can dominate a room when they mature. Always make sure to research where the species you grow comes from and how it grows in its natural habitat. It's the best way to find out which conditions to try to imitate at home, so that your plants not only survive, but thrive.
2. Interesting Facts About Alocasia Plants
Alocasia plants are not only stunning but also come with a rich history and fascinating characteristics that many people may not know. Here are some little-known, interesting facts about Alocasia plants that make them even more intriguing:
- ancient origins and cultural significance
Alocasia plants have been around for thousands of years, with some species dating back to prehistoric times. They are deeply rooted in the cultures of Southeast Asia, where they are often found in dense rainforests. In many parts of Asia, Alocasia is considered a symbol of good luck and protection. The large, shield-like leaves were believed to ward off evil spirits and bring prosperity to homes.
- a diverse genus
The genus Alocasia includes over 80 different species, each with its unique characteristics. While many people are familiar with the popular cultivars like Alocasia 'Polly', there are lesser-known varieties that are just as beautiful. Each species has its own distinct charm, making Alocasia a diverse and fascinating genus to explore.
- natural defense mechanisms
Alocasia plants have developed impressive defense mechanisms to protect themselves from herbivores and other threats in the wild. Their leaves contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation if ingested by animals or humans. This natural defense not only deters pests but also helps the plant survive in its natural habitat. It’s important to handle Alocasia with care, especially if you have pets or small children, as ingestion can lead to discomfort or illness.
- unique growing habits
Alocasia plants are rhizomatous, meaning they grow from thick, underground stems called rhizomes. These rhizomes store energy and nutrients, allowing the plant to survive periods of dormancy. Alocasia typically enters dormancy during the cooler months, particularly if grown in temperate climates. During this time, the plant may lose some or all of its leaves, but don’t be alarmed—this is a natural process. With proper care, new growth will emerge when conditions improve.
- water Sensitivity and “Crying” Leaves
One of the more unusual traits of Alocasia plants is their sensitivity to water. They are known to “cry” or “sweat,” a process known as guttation. This occurs when the plant absorbs more water than it can transpire, leading to droplets of water forming on the leaf tips. While this is usually harmless, it can be a sign that the plant is receiving too much water or that the humidity is too high. Adjusting your watering routine or the humidity levels can help manage this phenomenon.
- edible (but with caution!)
In some cultures, certain species of Alocasia are cultivated as a food source, particularly the corms, which are rich in starch. For example, Alocasia macrorrhizos, also known as giant taro, is consumed in various parts of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. However, it’s crucial to note that these corms must be thoroughly cooked to neutralize the calcium oxalate crystals, which are toxic when raw. This makes Alocasia a plant that’s both a food source and a natural medicine in traditional practices.
- rapid growth and size
Under optimal conditions, Alocasia plants can grow rapidly and reach impressive sizes. Some species, like Alocasia macrorrhizos, can grow up to 4,5 m tall with leaves that span several feet across. This rapid growth, combined with their striking appearance, makes them a favorite in tropical gardens and as a statement piece in indoor plant collections. Even smaller varieties, when given the right care, can grow large enough to become a focal point in any space.
3. Growth Habit
Alocasia plants are known for their fast growth during the growing season (spring and summer) and dormancy in the colder months. They are rhizomatous plants, meaning they grow from rhizomes that can produce new shoots, contributing to their ability to quickly fill out a pot or a garden space.
GROWING CONDITIONS FOR ALOCASIA PLANTS
1. Light Requirements
Alocasia plants thrive in bright, indirect light. They require plenty of light to maintain their vibrant leaf colors and strong growth, but direct sunlight can scorch their delicate leaves. A spot near an east or west-facing window, where they receive filtered sunlight, is ideal. If you notice the leaves becoming pale or losing their color, it may be a sign of insufficient light.
For homes with low natural light, you can supplement with artificial grow lights. LED grow lights are an excellent option as they are energy-efficient and can provide the full spectrum of light needed for Alocasia plants to thrive.
2. Temperature and humidity
Being tropical plants, Alocasia prefer warm temperatures between 18°C to 27°C. They are sensitive to cold and should be kept away from drafts, air conditioning vents, or cold window panes. If the temperature drops below 15°C, the plant may enter dormancy, where it will stop growing, might lose its leaves and revert its energy to its rhizome, awaiting 'better times'
Alocasia plants also require high humidity levels, ideally between 60% and 80% (some species even higher). If your home is dry, especially in winter, consider using a humidifier or placing the plant on a humidity tray. You can also group your Alocasia with other humidity-loving plants to create a micro-environment with higher moisture levels.
3. Soil and Potting
The soil mix for Alocasia should be well-draining yet retain some moisture. A good mix can be made by combining equal parts of potting soil, perlite, and peat moss or coconut fibre. This combination ensures that the soil retains enough moisture to keep the plant hydrated but still allows excess water to drain away, preventing root rot.
When potting your Alocasia, choose a pot with drainage holes to avoid water-logging the roots. Terracotta pots are a good choice as they allow the soil to dry out more evenly. Re-potting should be done every 1-2 years, preferably in the spring, when the plant is in its active growing phase. If the plant has outgrown its pot, move it to a slightly larger one, but avoid using a pot that is too large, as this can lead to over-watering. Important: re-pot Alocasia plants rather rarely, do not bury too deep and grow them in shallower pots. Alocasias don't grow their roots very deep in their natural habitats and may become prone to rot-rot in very deep ones.
Alocasia plants also do exceptionally well in semi-hydroponic set-ups and mineral substrates. As these plants are notorious for their susceptibility to root rot, which can be exacerbated by overwatering in traditional soil. Semi-hydro and mineral substrates provide better aeration, reducing the likelihood of waterlogged roots. The combination of moisture and aeration in semi-hydro and mineral substrates encourages robust root development, which is crucial for the overall health of the plant.
4. Watering Needs
Watering is perhaps the most critical aspect of Alocasia care. These plants prefer consistently moist soil, but they do not like 'wet feet' and substrates which become muddy or water-logged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can cause the leaves to droop and become crispy at the edges.
To strike the right balance, water your Alocasia thoroughly when the top of soil feels dry to the touch. During the growing season, this may be once a week or more, but in the dormant winter months, you may need to water less frequently. Always check the soil before watering, and reduce watering if the plant is in a cooler environment or receives less light. Always pay attention to the conditions of your own home environment, as every home is different: they have different humidity levels, temperatures, sun exposure. The watering schedule will also depend very much on the material of the pot you grow the plant it - for example plastic will let the water evaporate much more slowly than terraccota.
5. Fertilising
Alocasia plants, as most aroids, are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 2-4 weeks from spring through early autumn. This will provide the necessary nutrients for robust growth and vibrant foliage. In the winter, when the plant is not actively growing, reduce fertilization to avoid overfeeding. Over-fertilizing can lead to salt build-up in the soil, which can damage the plant’s roots.
This schedule will change if you keep your plants under grow lights and stable temperatures throughout the year - in these cases the winter/ summer schedule does not really apply. Follow the guidelines of your fertiliser’s bottle. Aroid plants are heavy feeders and in general, it is difficult to overdo it. When in doubt, you can either use half of the dose prescribed on the bottle, or you can interchange fertiliser with a vitamin solution in every other watering.
COMMON ISSUES WITH ALOCASIA PLANTS
1. Drooping leaves/ bending leaves
This is quite common with new Alocasia plants that you have just brought home or received in post - they tend to revert their energy to their rhizomes, when under stress. Provide the bending leaf stems with some support for a few days/weeks, and they should bounce back. There may be a couple yellowing, older leaves too, after transport or change of environment - this is nothing to worry about, as long as the newest leaves still look perky and healthy.
2. Yellowing leaves
Yellow leaves can be caused by several factors, including overwatering, underwatering, or insufficient light. If the lower leaves are yellowing and the soil is consistently moist, you might be overwatering. Allow the soil to dry out a bit before the next watering. If the plant is in low light, move it to a brighter spot. Remember that some older leaves may naturally yellow and die off as new growth emerges.
2. Brown leaf tips
Brown tips are often a sign of low humidity or inconsistent watering. Increase humidity by misting the plant, using a humidifier, or placing it on a humidity tray. Ensure you are watering consistently, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings.
3. Pest issues
Alocasia plants can be susceptible to pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs, particularly in low-humidity environments. Regularly inspect your plant for signs of pests, such as webbing, sticky residue, or tiny insects on the leaves.
To treat a pest infestation, start by isolating the plant to prevent the pests from spreading. Wipe down the leaves with a damp cloth to remove as many pests as possible. You can also use a neem oil solution or insecticidal soap to treat the plant. Repeat the treatment weekly until the pests are gone. It is also a good practice to use insecticides every 3 months as a preventative measure.
4. Dormancy
Alocasia plants often enter a dormant phase when exposed to lower temperatures, when they may stop growing and even lose some or all of their leaves. This is a natural process, especially if the temperature or light levels drop. During dormancy, reduce watering and stop fertilizing. Keep the plant in a warm, humid environment, and it should start to grow again in the spring.
If your plant enters dormancy, don't panic. Continue to care for it, and new growth should appear when conditions improve.
PROPAGATING ALOCASIA
Propagating Alocasia is a rewarding way to expand your collection or share plants with friends. The most common method of propagation is by division.
1. Division
The best time to divide an Alocasia is during repotting in the spring. Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the rhizomes. Each division should have at least one healthy shoot and some roots attached.
Plant the divisions in fresh, well-draining soil and water thoroughly. Keep the new plants in a warm, humid environment, and they should begin to establish themselves and grow within a few weeks.
2. Care for New Plants
Newly propagated Alocasia plants require the same care as mature plants, though they may need a little extra humidity and warmth to help them get established. Mist the leaves regularly and keep them out of direct sunlight until they show signs of new growth.
Styling and Display Tips
Alocasia plants make a bold statement in any room with their dramatic foliage. Here are some styling tips to showcase your plant:
Statement Plant: Larger Alocasia varieties like Alocasia macrorrhizos can be used as a focal point in a room. Place it in a large, decorative pot to emphasize its size and beauty.
Grouping: Alocasia plants look stunning when grouped with other tropical plants like Calathea, Philodendron, or Monstera. The contrasting leaf shapes and colors can create a lush, jungle-like atmosphere.
Shelving: Smaller varieties, like Alocasia baginda, are perfect for displaying on shelves or plant stands. Their compact size allows them to fit in tight spaces while still adding a touch of greenery.
Terrariums: Some Alocasia varieties, particularly the dwarf types (sometimes also called 'jewel' Alocasias). like Alocasia melo can be grown in large terrariums or glass cabinets where they can benefit from the high humidity levels.
Caring for Alocasia plants as houseplants can be a rewarding experience for any plant lover. While they require specific conditions to thrive, the effort is well worth it for the stunning foliage and the exotic touch they bring to your home. By providing the right light, humidity, watering, and care, your Alocasia can grow into a striking centerpiece that brings a bit of the tropics into your indoor space.
Remember that each Alocasia variety has its own quirks, so it's essential to observe your plant closely and adjust your care routine as needed. With time and attention, you'll find that your Alocasia becomes a thriving, beautiful addition to your plant collection.
To see all our currently available Alocasia plants, head to our Alocasia Collection Page.
To read more about the genus and discover some its species and cultivars, head to our Alocasia Info Page
Comments